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A comparison of two off‐line soil analysis schemes for assimilation of screen level observations

Identifieur interne : 007F46 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 007F45; suivant : 007F47

A comparison of two off‐line soil analysis schemes for assimilation of screen level observations

Auteurs : J. Mahfouf [France] ; K. Bergaoui [Tunisie] ; C. Draper [Australie] ; F. Bouyssel [France] ; F. Taillefer [France] ; L. Taseva [Bulgarie]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:5448BB073D50199289ED8212C1774AC1B536B38D

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Two analysis schemes are developed within an off‐line version of the land surface scheme ISBA for the initialization of soil water content and temperature in numerical weather prediction models. The first soil analysis is based on optimal interpolation that is currently operational in a number of weather centers. The second soil analysis is an extended Kalman filter (EKF) which will allow the assimilation of satellite observations. First, it is shown, by comparing the Kalman gain of both analysis schemes, that it is possible to assimilate screen level temperature and relative humidity in an off‐line system. This is of great interest for future combined assimilations of conventional and satellite data. The reduced computing time in running the land surface scheme outside the atmospheric model makes Kalman filter approaches compatible with operational requirements. The methodology for coupling the land surface data assimilation with the atmospheric analysis system is explained in order to highlight the existing feedbacks between the two systems (in comparison to fully decoupled land data assimilation systems). The linearity of the observation operator Jacobians estimated by finite differences and the relevance of the soil prognostic variables to be initialized are assessed. Finally, the two systems are compared over western Europe for the month of July 2006 by assimilating screen level temperature and relative humidity every 6 h. The EKF has been simplified by keeping the covariance matrix of background errors constant. The two soil analysis schemes behave similarly in response to screen level atmospheric errors. The EKF is superior in identifying situations where the near‐surface atmosphere is sensitive to soil perturbations, which leads to better use of observations. Over France, the capability of both systems to moisten the soil when rain events are absent from the forcing is demonstrated.

Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011077


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Le document en format XML

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<term>Aladin</term>
<term>Aladin forecasts</term>
<term>Aladin model</term>
<term>Analysis equation</term>
<term>Analysis increments</term>
<term>Analysis schemes</term>
<term>Analysis state</term>
<term>Analytical formulation</term>
<term>Assimilation</term>
<term>Assimilation system</term>
<term>Assimilation window</term>
<term>Atmosphere model</term>
<term>Atmospheric</term>
<term>Atmospheric model</term>
<term>Atmospheric parameters</term>
<term>Automatic weather stations</term>
<term>Background error</term>
<term>Background errors</term>
<term>Balsamo</term>
<term>Bare soil evaporation</term>
<term>Bazile</term>
<term>Bottom right</term>
<term>Boundary layer</term>
<term>Bouyssel</term>
<term>British islands</term>
<term>Bulgarian academy</term>
<term>Calvet</term>
<term>Canari</term>
<term>Central europe</term>
<term>Central spain</term>
<term>Climatological relaxation</term>
<term>Coastal regions</term>
<term>Coefficient</term>
<term>Cold bias</term>
<term>Computational cost</term>
<term>Continental surfaces</term>
<term>Control vector</term>
<term>Corrections</term>
<term>Correlation length</term>
<term>Correlation model</term>
<term>Covariance matrix</term>
<term>Data assimilation</term>
<term>Diurnal cycle</term>
<term>Douville</term>
<term>Dynamical</term>
<term>Dynamical estimation</term>
<term>Ebro river valley</term>
<term>Ecmwf</term>
<term>Ecmwf soil analysis</term>
<term>Ensemble kalman filter</term>
<term>Environmental engineering</term>
<term>Evaporation</term>
<term>Excessive soil</term>
<term>Experimental setup</term>
<term>Extended Kalman filter</term>
<term>Externalized</term>
<term>Externalized land surface scheme</term>
<term>Feasibility study</term>
<term>Feedback</term>
<term>Field capacity</term>
<term>Finite differences</term>
<term>Force land surface schemes</term>
<term>Forecast model</term>
<term>Forecasting system</term>
<term>Fractional vegetation</term>
<term>France</term>
<term>French radome network</term>
<term>Geophysical research</term>
<term>Giard</term>
<term>Grid</term>
<term>Grid points</term>
<term>Ground surface</term>
<term>Histogram distributions</term>
<term>Hydrological system</term>
<term>Hydrometeorol</term>
<term>Increment</term>
<term>Initialization</term>
<term>Internal report</term>
<term>Interpolation</term>
<term>Isba</term>
<term>Isba land surface scheme</term>
<term>Isba scheme</term>
<term>Jacobian</term>
<term>Jacobian matrix</term>
<term>Jacobians</term>
<term>Joint assimilation</term>
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<term>Kalman</term>
<term>Kalman filter</term>
<term>Kalman filters</term>
<term>Kalman gain</term>
<term>Kalman gain matrix</term>
<term>Kalman gain matrix elements</term>
<term>Land surface</term>
<term>Land surface assimilation</term>
<term>Land surface scheme</term>
<term>Land surface scheme isba</term>
<term>Larger corrections</term>
<term>Largest values</term>
<term>Leaf area index</term>
<term>Lower values</term>
<term>Mahfouf</term>
<term>Major drawback</term>
<term>Matrix</term>
<term>Maximum values</term>
<term>Meteorol</term>
<term>Model grid</term>
<term>Moist bias</term>
<term>Moisture</term>
<term>Mountainous areas</term>
<term>National institute</term>
<term>Negative perturbations</term>
<term>Negligible values</term>
<term>Nighttime values</term>
<term>Noilhan</term>
<term>Observation error</term>
<term>Observation errors</term>
<term>Observation operator</term>
<term>Observation operator jacobians</term>
<term>Observation types</term>
<term>Observational network</term>
<term>Open loop</term>
<term>Operational applications</term>
<term>Operational configuration</term>
<term>Operator</term>
<term>Opposite signs</term>
<term>Optimal approximation</term>
<term>Optimal interpolation</term>
<term>Optimal interpolation analysis</term>
<term>Optimal interpolation coefficients</term>
<term>Optimal interpolation scheme</term>
<term>Optimum interpolation</term>
<term>Other components</term>
<term>Other regions</term>
<term>Perturbation</term>
<term>Perturbed</term>
<term>Planetary boundary layer</term>
<term>Point wwilt</term>
<term>Positive increments</term>
<term>Positive perturbations</term>
<term>Precipitation</term>
<term>Preliminary results</term>
<term>Preliminary study</term>
<term>Prognostic</term>
<term>Prognostic variables</term>
<term>Rejection criteria</term>
<term>Relative humidity</term>
<term>Relative humidity rh2m</term>
<term>Representativity problems</term>
<term>Rh2m</term>
<term>Rh2m rh2m</term>
<term>Root zone</term>
<term>Root zone soil moisture</term>
<term>Satellite data</term>
<term>Satellite observation</term>
<term>Satellite observations</term>
<term>Screen level</term>
<term>Screen level analysis</term>
<term>Screen level analysis increments</term>
<term>Screen level errors</term>
<term>Screen level forecast errors</term>
<term>Screen level innovations</term>
<term>Screen level observations</term>
<term>Screen level parameters</term>
<term>Screen level temperature</term>
<term>Screen level variables</term>
<term>Significant fraction</term>
<term>Significant orography</term>
<term>Single column model</term>
<term>Small amount</term>
<term>Soil</term>
<term>Soil analyses</term>
<term>Soil analysis</term>
<term>Soil analysis scheme</term>
<term>Soil analysis schemes</term>
<term>Soil analysis schemes figure</term>
<term>Soil changes</term>
<term>Soil conditions</term>
<term>Soil corrections</term>
<term>Soil depth</term>
<term>Soil increments</term>
<term>Soil moisture</term>
<term>Soil moisture analysis</term>
<term>Soil moisture conditions</term>
<term>Soil moisture content</term>
<term>Soil moisture corrections</term>
<term>Soil moisture evolution</term>
<term>Soil moisture increase</term>
<term>Soil moisture increments</term>
<term>Soil moisture variations</term>
<term>Soil prognostic variables</term>
<term>Soil temperatures</term>
<term>Soil variables</term>
<term>Soil water</term>
<term>Soil water content</term>
<term>Soil wetness index</term>
<term>Southeastern france</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Standard deviations</term>
<term>Superficial soil moisture</term>
<term>Surface boundary layer</term>
<term>Surface layer</term>
<term>Surface temperature</term>
<term>Surface temperature increments</term>
<term>Surface variables</term>
<term>Surface water budget components</term>
<term>Surfex</term>
<term>Synop reports</term>
<term>Temperature signal</term>
<term>Temporal evolution</term>
<term>Total soil depth</term>
<term>Total soil moisture increments</term>
<term>Toulouse</term>
<term>Toulouse cedex</term>
<term>Variational</term>
<term>Variational assimilation</term>
<term>Variational soil moisture analysis</term>
<term>Vegetation</term>
<term>Viterbo</term>
<term>Volumetric water content</term>
<term>Warm bias</term>
<term>Water budget</term>
<term>Weather centers</term>
<term>Weather forecast</term>
<term>Weather forecast model</term>
<term>Weather forecasts</term>
<term>Western Europe</term>
<term>Western europe</term>
<term>Western france</term>
<term>Whole domain</term>
<term>Wind speed</term>
<term>Wind threshold</term>
<term>Wwilt</term>
<term>atmosphere</term>
<term>coupling</term>
<term>errors</term>
<term>feedback</term>
<term>finite difference analysis</term>
<term>satellites</term>
<term>soils</term>
<term>temperature</term>
<term>water content</term>
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<term>Approximation optimale</term>
<term>Assimilation donnée</term>
<term>Atmosphère</term>
<term>Boucle réaction</term>
<term>Couplage</term>
<term>Erreur</term>
<term>Europe Ouest</term>
<term>Filtre Kalman</term>
<term>Filtre Kalman étendu</term>
<term>France</term>
<term>Humidité relative</term>
<term>Initialisation</term>
<term>Interpolation optimale</term>
<term>Matrice covariance</term>
<term>Modèle atmosphère</term>
<term>Modèle prévision</term>
<term>Méthode différence finie</term>
<term>Observation par satellite</term>
<term>Opérateur</term>
<term>Perturbation</term>
<term>Prévision météorologique</term>
<term>Rétroaction</term>
<term>Satellite</term>
<term>Sol</term>
<term>Surface sol</term>
<term>Température</term>
<term>Teneur eau</term>
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<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en">
<term>Aladin</term>
<term>Aladin forecasts</term>
<term>Aladin model</term>
<term>Analysis equation</term>
<term>Analysis increments</term>
<term>Analysis schemes</term>
<term>Analysis state</term>
<term>Analytical formulation</term>
<term>Assimilation</term>
<term>Assimilation system</term>
<term>Assimilation window</term>
<term>Atmospheric</term>
<term>Atmospheric model</term>
<term>Atmospheric parameters</term>
<term>Automatic weather stations</term>
<term>Background error</term>
<term>Background errors</term>
<term>Balsamo</term>
<term>Bare soil evaporation</term>
<term>Bazile</term>
<term>Bottom right</term>
<term>Boundary layer</term>
<term>Bouyssel</term>
<term>British islands</term>
<term>Bulgarian academy</term>
<term>Calvet</term>
<term>Canari</term>
<term>Central europe</term>
<term>Central spain</term>
<term>Climatological relaxation</term>
<term>Coastal regions</term>
<term>Coefficient</term>
<term>Cold bias</term>
<term>Computational cost</term>
<term>Continental surfaces</term>
<term>Control vector</term>
<term>Corrections</term>
<term>Correlation length</term>
<term>Correlation model</term>
<term>Covariance matrix</term>
<term>Data assimilation</term>
<term>Diurnal cycle</term>
<term>Douville</term>
<term>Dynamical</term>
<term>Dynamical estimation</term>
<term>Ebro river valley</term>
<term>Ecmwf</term>
<term>Ecmwf soil analysis</term>
<term>Ensemble kalman filter</term>
<term>Environmental engineering</term>
<term>Evaporation</term>
<term>Excessive soil</term>
<term>Experimental setup</term>
<term>Externalized</term>
<term>Externalized land surface scheme</term>
<term>Feasibility study</term>
<term>Field capacity</term>
<term>Finite differences</term>
<term>Force land surface schemes</term>
<term>Forecasting system</term>
<term>Fractional vegetation</term>
<term>French radome network</term>
<term>Geophysical research</term>
<term>Giard</term>
<term>Grid</term>
<term>Grid points</term>
<term>Histogram distributions</term>
<term>Hydrological system</term>
<term>Hydrometeorol</term>
<term>Increment</term>
<term>Internal report</term>
<term>Interpolation</term>
<term>Isba</term>
<term>Isba land surface scheme</term>
<term>Isba scheme</term>
<term>Jacobian</term>
<term>Jacobian matrix</term>
<term>Jacobians</term>
<term>Joint assimilation</term>
<term>July</term>
<term>Kalman</term>
<term>Kalman filter</term>
<term>Kalman gain</term>
<term>Kalman gain matrix</term>
<term>Kalman gain matrix elements</term>
<term>Land surface</term>
<term>Land surface assimilation</term>
<term>Land surface scheme</term>
<term>Land surface scheme isba</term>
<term>Larger corrections</term>
<term>Largest values</term>
<term>Leaf area index</term>
<term>Lower values</term>
<term>Mahfouf</term>
<term>Major drawback</term>
<term>Matrix</term>
<term>Maximum values</term>
<term>Meteorol</term>
<term>Model grid</term>
<term>Moist bias</term>
<term>Moisture</term>
<term>Mountainous areas</term>
<term>National institute</term>
<term>Negative perturbations</term>
<term>Negligible values</term>
<term>Nighttime values</term>
<term>Noilhan</term>
<term>Observation error</term>
<term>Observation errors</term>
<term>Observation operator</term>
<term>Observation operator jacobians</term>
<term>Observation types</term>
<term>Observational network</term>
<term>Open loop</term>
<term>Operational applications</term>
<term>Operational configuration</term>
<term>Opposite signs</term>
<term>Optimal interpolation</term>
<term>Optimal interpolation analysis</term>
<term>Optimal interpolation coefficients</term>
<term>Optimal interpolation scheme</term>
<term>Other components</term>
<term>Other regions</term>
<term>Perturbation</term>
<term>Perturbed</term>
<term>Planetary boundary layer</term>
<term>Point wwilt</term>
<term>Positive increments</term>
<term>Positive perturbations</term>
<term>Precipitation</term>
<term>Preliminary results</term>
<term>Preliminary study</term>
<term>Prognostic</term>
<term>Prognostic variables</term>
<term>Rejection criteria</term>
<term>Relative humidity</term>
<term>Relative humidity rh2m</term>
<term>Representativity problems</term>
<term>Rh2m</term>
<term>Rh2m rh2m</term>
<term>Root zone</term>
<term>Root zone soil moisture</term>
<term>Satellite data</term>
<term>Satellite observations</term>
<term>Screen level</term>
<term>Screen level analysis</term>
<term>Screen level analysis increments</term>
<term>Screen level errors</term>
<term>Screen level forecast errors</term>
<term>Screen level innovations</term>
<term>Screen level observations</term>
<term>Screen level parameters</term>
<term>Screen level temperature</term>
<term>Screen level variables</term>
<term>Significant fraction</term>
<term>Significant orography</term>
<term>Single column model</term>
<term>Small amount</term>
<term>Soil</term>
<term>Soil analyses</term>
<term>Soil analysis</term>
<term>Soil analysis scheme</term>
<term>Soil analysis schemes</term>
<term>Soil analysis schemes figure</term>
<term>Soil changes</term>
<term>Soil conditions</term>
<term>Soil corrections</term>
<term>Soil depth</term>
<term>Soil increments</term>
<term>Soil moisture</term>
<term>Soil moisture analysis</term>
<term>Soil moisture conditions</term>
<term>Soil moisture content</term>
<term>Soil moisture corrections</term>
<term>Soil moisture evolution</term>
<term>Soil moisture increase</term>
<term>Soil moisture increments</term>
<term>Soil moisture variations</term>
<term>Soil prognostic variables</term>
<term>Soil temperatures</term>
<term>Soil variables</term>
<term>Soil water</term>
<term>Soil water content</term>
<term>Soil wetness index</term>
<term>Southeastern france</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Standard deviations</term>
<term>Superficial soil moisture</term>
<term>Surface boundary layer</term>
<term>Surface layer</term>
<term>Surface temperature</term>
<term>Surface temperature increments</term>
<term>Surface variables</term>
<term>Surface water budget components</term>
<term>Surfex</term>
<term>Synop reports</term>
<term>Temperature signal</term>
<term>Temporal evolution</term>
<term>Total soil depth</term>
<term>Total soil moisture increments</term>
<term>Toulouse</term>
<term>Toulouse cedex</term>
<term>Variational</term>
<term>Variational assimilation</term>
<term>Variational soil moisture analysis</term>
<term>Vegetation</term>
<term>Viterbo</term>
<term>Volumetric water content</term>
<term>Warm bias</term>
<term>Water budget</term>
<term>Weather centers</term>
<term>Weather forecast model</term>
<term>Weather forecasts</term>
<term>Western europe</term>
<term>Western france</term>
<term>Whole domain</term>
<term>Wind speed</term>
<term>Wind threshold</term>
<term>Wwilt</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr">
<term>France</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Atmosphère</term>
<term>Satellite</term>
<term>étude de faisabilité</term>
<term>Analyse du sol</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract">Two analysis schemes are developed within an off‐line version of the land surface scheme ISBA for the initialization of soil water content and temperature in numerical weather prediction models. The first soil analysis is based on optimal interpolation that is currently operational in a number of weather centers. The second soil analysis is an extended Kalman filter (EKF) which will allow the assimilation of satellite observations. First, it is shown, by comparing the Kalman gain of both analysis schemes, that it is possible to assimilate screen level temperature and relative humidity in an off‐line system. This is of great interest for future combined assimilations of conventional and satellite data. The reduced computing time in running the land surface scheme outside the atmospheric model makes Kalman filter approaches compatible with operational requirements. The methodology for coupling the land surface data assimilation with the atmospheric analysis system is explained in order to highlight the existing feedbacks between the two systems (in comparison to fully decoupled land data assimilation systems). The linearity of the observation operator Jacobians estimated by finite differences and the relevance of the soil prognostic variables to be initialized are assessed. Finally, the two systems are compared over western Europe for the month of July 2006 by assimilating screen level temperature and relative humidity every 6 h. The EKF has been simplified by keeping the covariance matrix of background errors constant. The two soil analysis schemes behave similarly in response to screen level atmospheric errors. The EKF is superior in identifying situations where the near‐surface atmosphere is sensitive to soil perturbations, which leads to better use of observations. Over France, the capability of both systems to moisten the soil when rain events are absent from the forcing is demonstrated.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Bulgarie</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Tunisie</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Gouvernorat de Tunis</li>
<li>Midi-Pyrénées</li>
<li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li>
<li>Sofia-ville (oblast)</li>
<li>Victoria (État)</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Melbourne</li>
<li>Sofia</li>
<li>Toulouse</li>
<li>Tunis</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université de Melbourne</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="France">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Mahfouf, J" sort="Mahfouf, J" uniqKey="Mahfouf J" first="J." last="Mahfouf">J. Mahfouf</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bouyssel, F" sort="Bouyssel, F" uniqKey="Bouyssel F" first="F." last="Bouyssel">F. Bouyssel</name>
<name sortKey="Mahfouf, J" sort="Mahfouf, J" uniqKey="Mahfouf J" first="J." last="Mahfouf">J. Mahfouf</name>
<name sortKey="Mahfouf, J" sort="Mahfouf, J" uniqKey="Mahfouf J" first="J." last="Mahfouf">J. Mahfouf</name>
<name sortKey="Taillefer, F" sort="Taillefer, F" uniqKey="Taillefer F" first="F." last="Taillefer">F. Taillefer</name>
</country>
<country name="Tunisie">
<region name="Gouvernorat de Tunis">
<name sortKey="Bergaoui, K" sort="Bergaoui, K" uniqKey="Bergaoui K" first="K." last="Bergaoui">K. Bergaoui</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Australie">
<region name="Victoria (État)">
<name sortKey="Draper, C" sort="Draper, C" uniqKey="Draper C" first="C." last="Draper">C. Draper</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Bulgarie">
<region name="Sofia-ville (oblast)">
<name sortKey="Taseva, L" sort="Taseva, L" uniqKey="Taseva L" first="L." last="Taseva">L. Taseva</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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